Interviews in English

For ‘The Violence of Development’ book, many interviews were conducted in Central America during research visits in 2009 and 2010. Only a very small fraction of these interviews have been used in the published work, and so this chapter of the website is used to make available the full interview transcripts and translations to those who may wish to refer to the words of any of the interviewees.

Belize

candy1Interviewees: Candy and George Gonzalez
Location: San Igancio, Belize
Date: Friday 16th August 2013
Theme: An informal interview about environmental and developmental issues in Belize.
Keywords: TBC
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matthew_millerInterviewee: Matt Miller, Director of Monkey Bay Wildlife Sanctuary
Location: Monkey Bay Wildlife Sanctuary, Belize.
Date: 6th September August 2013
Theme: The development of tourism in Belize.
Keywords: TBC
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matthew_millerInterviewees: Ernesto and Aurora Saquí
Location: Maya Centre, Belize.
Date: 3rd May 2016
Theme: The development of tourism in Belize.
Keywords: indigenous land rights; subsistence farming; citrus cultivation; conservation; cruise tourism
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Costa Rica

Woman-silhouette-2Interviewee: Patricia Blanco
Location: Offices of PAN-UK, London
Date: 29th August 2018
Keywords: pineapple production; monocultivation; export crops; food security; pesticide abuse; contamination; supermarkets; transnational corporations.
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Woman-silhouette-2Interviewee: Amilcar Castañeda, Consultant in indigenous rights to the Inter American Institute for Human Rights
Location: San José, Costa Rica
Date: 21st July 2009
Theme: Indigenous issues in Central America.
Keywords: TBC
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Daryl-Loth-1Interviewee: Daryl Loth, resident, guide and hotelier in Tortuguero
Location: Tortuguero, Costa Rica
Date: 19th August 2009
Theme: TBC
Keywords: TBC
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ross-ballardInterviewee: Ros Ballard, resident, guide and hotelier in Tortuguero
Location: Tortuguero, Costa Rica
Date: 20th August 2009
Theme: TBC
Keywords: TBC
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isabel-macdonald-1Interviewee: Isabel MacDonald, Coordinator of the Centro de Amigos Para la Paz
Location: San José, Costa Rica
Date: 24th September 2009
Theme: TBC
Keywords: TBC
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didier-from-bl-websiteInterviewee: Didier Leiton Valverde of SITRAP Costa Rica
Location: London, United Kingdom
Date: 17th June 2010
Theme: TBC
Keywords: TBC
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Woman-silhouette-2Interviewee: Nela Perle
Location: San José, Costa Rica
Date: 28th September 2010
Theme: Labour conditions and free trade banana cultivation in Costa Rica; organic food production in Costa Rica
Keywords: TBC
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12198090531909861341man-silhouette.svg_.hi_Interviewee: Juan Luis Salas Villalobos: Producer of organic vegetables and spices and the Executive Secretary of the Costa Rican Organic Agriculture Movement (MAOCO)
Location: San José, Costa Rica
Date: 28th September 2010
Theme: Organic food production in Costa Rica
Keywords: TBC
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El Salvador

hector-berrios-1Interviewee: Marta (This is a pseudonym used for protection of the interviewee’s identity).
Location: San Martín, El Salvador
Date: 19 January 2019
Theme: Interview with Marta about her experience as a migrant on one of the migrant caravans from El Salvador heading for the United States during 2018.
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hector-berrios-1Interviewee: Hector Garcia Berrios, lawyer and member of the National Roundtable Against Metal Mining
Location: San Salvador, El Salvador
Date: 22nd and 23rd July September 2010
Theme: TBC
Keywords: TBC
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P1000640-1Interviewees: Estela Anzora (Presidenta de COMUS), Juan Rodríguez, Jaime Coutts, Chico Peña and Ernesto
Location: San Francisco Javier, Usulután, El Salvador
Date: 26 July 2010
Theme: Many aspects of development in Usulután and in El Salvador as a whole, with special emphasis on agriculture and forestry.
Keywords: TBC
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CIMG1139Interviewee: Carlos Flores of the Unidad Ecológica Salvadoreña (UNES)
Location: UNES office, San Salvador, El Salvador
Date: 30 July 2010
Theme: TBC
Keywords: TBC
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CIMG0971Interviewees: Oscar Beltrán, Cristina Starr, Manuel Navarrete and Elvis Zavala (all of Radio Victoria)
Location: Cabañas, El Salvador
Date: 29 January 2014
Theme: TBC
Keywords: TBC
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hector-berrios-1Interviewee: Hector Berríos of MUFRAS-32
Location: Cabañas, El Salvador
Date: 29th January 2014
Theme: The operations of Pacific Rim / Oceana Gold in El Salvador and the consequential human rights and environmental abuses.
Keywords: TBC
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brian-rude-2Interviewee: Brian Rude
Location: San Salvador, El Salvador
Date: 7th February 2014
Theme: An informal interview about drugs, gangs and crime in Central America
Keywords: TBC
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12198090531909861341man-silhouette.svg_.hi_Interviewee: Jesús López, Administrator of CESTA (Salvadoran Centre for Appropriate Technology)
Location: San Marcos, El Salvador
Date: 7th February 2014
Theme: An informal interview about environmental and developmental issues in Belize.
Keywords: TBC
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CIMG0898Interviewee: Delmy Valencia
Location: CIS, San Salvador, El Salvador
Date: 28th July 2010
Theme: A wide-ranging discussion of development issues in El Salvador, but especially covering the CAFTA-DR free trade treaty and maquilas.
Keywords: TBC
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Guatemala

iduvina-hernandez-2Interviewee: Iduvina Hernández, Director of the Association for the Study and Promotion of Security in Democracy.
Location: Guatemala City, Guatemala
Date: 27th July 2009
Theme: TBC
Keywords: TBC
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maria joseInterviewee: Hermana María-José López
Location: Guatemala City, Guatemala
Date: 27th July 2009
Theme: TBC
Keywords: TBC
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norma-maldonado-2Interviewees: Norma Maldonado, member of the International Gender and Trade Network (IGTN)
Location: Guatemala City, Guatemala
Date: 27th July 2009
Theme: TBC
Keywords: TBC
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norma-maldonado-2Interviewees: Omar Jerónimo
Location: Tavistock Hotel, London
Date: Sunday 21 June 2015
Theme: TBC
Keywords:Guatemala; human rights defenders; indigenous communities; land conflicts; the dialogue process; corruption
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Honduras

noneInterviewee: Purificación Hernández
Location: San Miguel Ixtahuacán, Quezaltenango, Guatemala
Date: 25 July 2009
Keywords: General Law of Mining (Honduras); mining companies; open cast mining; cyanide; Hurricane Mitch aid; Civic Alliance for Democracy.
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DinaInterviewee: Dina Meza
Location: Tegucigalpa
Date: 22nd May 2017
Keywords: human rights; rights defenders; environmental defenders; journalism; media censorship; precautionary measures; freedom of expression
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DinaInterviewee: Aurelia Arzú, vice-President of OFRANEH (the Black Fraternal Organisation of Honduras)
Location: The Tattershall Castle, a boat on the River Thames in London
Date: 25th September 2017
Keywords: OFRANEH; Garífuna people; indigenous peoples; the ‘commons’; ILO Convention 169; human rights defending; criminalisation; land titles; threats; tourism developments; coconut oil; African palm oil.
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berta-caceresInterviewee: Bertha Cáceres, leader of COPINH, the Civic Council of Popular and Indigenous Peoples of Honduras
Location: Intibucá, Honduras
Date: March 2010
Theme: COPINH; resistance; indigenous knowledge.
Keywords: TBC
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2006 pandresInterviewee: Padre Andrés Tamayo
Location: Online
Date: 8th July 2010
Theme: Email Interview regarding deforestation in Olancho, Honduras
Keywords: TBC
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P1000689Interviewee: Alfredo López
Location: Triunfo de la Cruz, Faluma Bimetu radio station
Date: 16 August 2010
Theme: TBC
Keywords: TBC
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eduardo zavala y dennis sierra mughshot2Interviewees: Eduardo Zavala, Executive Director of FP and Dennis Sierra, Director of Jeannette Kawas National Park
Location: Tela, Honduras
Date: 17th August 2010
Theme: Area protection; threats to the environment.
Keywords: NGO | conservation | Caribbean coast | Garífuna | plantations | monocultivación | land invasions | palm oil | drug trafficking | tourism | fishing
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12198090531909861341man-silhouette.svg_.hi_Interviewee: Bryn Wolfe
Location: Tegucigalpa, Honduras
Date: Wed. 18th August 2010
Theme: General human rights situation in Honduras; palm oil cultivation and Miguel Facussé; free trade treaties
Keywords: TBC
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P1000698Interviewees: Elvín Maldonado, María-José Bonilla, and Juan Granados – All members of the Camamento Environmentalist Movement (CAM)
Location: Campamento, Olancho, Honduras
Date: Wed. 20th August 2010
Theme: Deforestation in Olancho, Honduras; threats to defenders of the forests
Keywords: TBC
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stock-footage-people-consultation-zooming-rotating-silhouetteInterviewees: Bryn Wolfe (long time development worker in numerous parts of the world), Elly Alvarado (resident of Tegucigalpa and Bryn’s wife) and Mauricio Santos (member of the Artists in Resistance Collective, Honduras)
Location: Tegucigalpa, Honduras
Date: Wed. 22nd August 2010
Theme: Resistance to the 2009 coup; post-coup developments in Honduras
Keywords: TBC
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????????Interviewee: Dr Juan Almendares
Location: Tegucigalpa, Honduras
Date: 23rd August 2010
Theme: TBC
Keywords: TBC
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2007reneInterviewee: René Wilfredo Gradis of the MAO (Olancho Environmental Movement)
Location: Olancho, Honduras
Date: 28th August 2010
Theme: TBC
Keywords: TBC
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berta-oliva-2Interviewee: Berta Oliva, President of COFADEH (the Committee of Relatives of the Detained and Disappeared in Honduras)
Location: Tegucigalpa, Honduras
Date: 23rd August 2010
Theme: TBC
Keywords: TBC
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12198090531909861341man-silhouette.svg_.hi_Interviewee: Lizandro [pseudonym]
Location: Centro de Amigos para la Paz, San José, Costa Rica
Date: 11th July 2010
Theme: TBC
Keywords: TBC
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12198090531909861341man-silhouette.svg_.hi_Interviewee: Gerson Suazo
Location: Central Square, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
Date: 11 September 2015
Theme: Los Indignados
Keywords: protests | government corruption | CICIH (International Commission Against Impunity in Honduras) | Hunger strike
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12198090531909861341man-silhouette.svg_.hi_Interviewee: COPINH (Civic Council of Popular and Indigenous Organisations of Honduras)
Location: COPINH’s office, La Esperanza, Intibucá, Honduras
Date: 23rd September 2015
Keywords: peaceful resistance; indigenous rights; transnational companies; community radio; ILO Convention 169; Lenca people; CONATEL; repression; impunity; National Institute for Agrarian Reform.
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12198090531909861341man-silhouette.svg_.hi_An interview with Gustavo Castro (conducted by Vinicio Chacón for the Costa Rica weekly Semanario Universidad) is given as an article in Chapter 8 of this website (in the sub-section on ‘Land disputes and encroachments …’). Gustavo was with Berta Cáceres when she was assassinated in March 2016 and was left for dead by the hitmen.
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Nicaragua

CIMG1361Interviewee: María Consuelo Sánchez, Director of the Asociación Quincho Barrilete
Location: Managua, Nicaragua
Date: 6th July 2009
Theme: Violence and abuse against children; family breakdown; The Quincho Barrilete programmes.
Keywords: TBC
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edilbertha mugshotInterviewee: Edilberta Gómez
Location: Clínica Xochil, El Viejo, Nicaragua
Date: 9th July 2009
Theme: General health of the population and health provision
Keywords: TBC
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IMG_1433Interviewee: Sisters Abdontxu Viar, Ana Lourdes, Paulina and Ana Noemi of the Berriz Sisters
Location: Centro Catequístico of El Viejo, Nicaragua.
Date:Saturday 7th March 2015 (10.15 am)
Theme: The issue of children left behind after parents migrate away from the area.family breakdown; The Quincho Barrilete programmes.
Keywords: migration; violence; gangs; sexual abuse.
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IMG_1433Interviewee: Council of Women of the West of Nicaragua (CMO)
Location: The office of the CMO, Chinandega, Nicaragua
Date:Friday September 11th 2015
Theme: CMO
Keywords: Nicaragua; drought; monocultivation; small-scale farmers
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IMG_1433Interviewee: Conversation in the office of PASE
Location: Chinandega, Nicaragua
Date:September 2016
Keywords: chronic kidney disease of non-traditional sources (CKDnT); maquilas; labour conditions; plantation agriculture; Nicaraguan Institute of Social Security (INSS); social security.
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Panama

GE DIGITAL CAMERAInterviewee: Osvaldo Jordan
Location: Panamá City
Date: 14th July 2014
Keywords: CHAN75 hydroelectric project; Ngöbe people; Barro Blanco; Changuinola 2; Partido Popular; civil society; Naso people; Alliance for Conservation and Development (ACD); Bonyic hydroelectric project.
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GE DIGITAL CAMERAInterviewee: Naso people of San San Drui, Felix Sánchez, King Valentín Santana and the mayor of Changuinola, Lorenzo Luis.
Location: San San Drui, Panama
Date: 1st September 2009
Theme: Naso struggle for land rights against the Ganadera Bocas company and the violence of the company and police.
Keywords: TBC
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julioyao-2Interviewees: Julio Yao
Location: Panamá City, Panamá
Date: 3rd September 2009
Theme: TBC
Keywords: TBC
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geodisio-castillo-1Interviewee: Geodisio Castillo
Location: Panamá City, Panamá
Date: 3rd September 2009
Theme: TBC
Keywords: TBC
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geodisio-castillo-1Interviewee: Geodisio Castillo
Location: Panamá City, Panamá
Date: July 9th 2014
Theme: TBC
Keywords: Kuna Yala, Kuna General Congress, COONAPIP (National Coordinating Body of Indigenous Peoples), Development projects, Tourism, Carrying capacity, Cacao production, Agroecology, Lobster conservation, Climate change, REDD Plus
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GE DIGITAL CAMERAInterviewee: Felix Sánchez (President of the Naso Foundation) and King Valentín Santana (King of the Naso People).
Location: San San Drui, Panama
Date: 9th September 2009
Theme: Naso struggle for land rights against the Ganadera Bocas company and the violence of the company and police.
Keywords: TBC
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Alida SpadaforaInterviewee: Alida Spadafora, Executive Director of ANCON (Asociación Nacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza de Panamá
Location: ANCON’s office in Panamá
Date: 4th September 2009
Theme: Panama’s environment; the inappropriateness of mining in Panama; mining protests; deforestation; ANCON’s programmes
Keywords: TBC
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Interviewee: Osvaldo Jordan
Location: Panamá City
Date: 14th September 2016
Theme: A conversation with Osvaldo Jordan, regarding the construction of the Barro Blanco Dam in Panama.
Keywords: Ngabe Indigenous group; Barro Blanco dam; land demarcation; militarisation.
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